🧱 VVER Reactor Vessel Internals

VVER reactor vessel internals support fuel assemblies, guide control rods, and direct coolant flow. Their design reflects the hexagonal fuel geometry and loop‑type layout unique to VVER reactors.

• Core Barrel: Supports the core and directs coolant flow.
• Support Grid Assemblies: Maintain fuel assembly alignment.
• Control Rod Guide Tubes: Provide insertion paths for control clusters.
• Upper Internals: Distribute coolant and support control rod drive mechanisms.

• Hexagonal Symmetry: Matches VVER fuel assembly geometry.
• Robust Flow Distribution: Ensures uniform coolant delivery to assemblies.
• Material Selection: Austenitic stainless steels for corrosion resistance.
• Seismic Qualification: Designed for high‑intensity ground motion.

• Defines core stability and coolant flow behavior.
• Supports safe control rod insertion during transients.
• Ensures long‑term structural integrity under irradiation.